Beck s Thesis On Risk Society - 974 Words

Beck’s thesis on risk society, and the issues regarding deterritorialization, was not new information for the world. After the second world war the United Nations was founded, to help prevent the actions that happened during the war to occur again. As a leading, international organisation, it did not take long before the UN had many UN nations. The United Nations founded in 1972 the United Nations Environmental Programme after a meeting dealing with the Human Environment. UNEP is a good example of a smaller unit that helps several organisations and businesses to create a healthier world (Bookmiller, 2008). On the United Nations Environmental Program website (2015) it is possible to read about their success stories. Over the years UNEP have†¦show more content†¦The Kyoto protocol gave varying results. The EU reduced the amount of greenhouse gasses by 7.3% in 2004 compared to the levels shown in 1990. Three years later the release was reduced to 4.3 %. Because of this t he EU did not meet the aim for the Kyoto protocol. In 2007 the EU announced a new strategy for cutting down the gasses, named the 20-20-20 strategy. Their goal was to produce 20% energy from renewable sources before 2020. Their announcement was highly criticised because of the lack of leadership appearance in the climate change convention in Copenhagen 2009. In 2010 the release of gasses went down 15% compared to the 1990 levels, but the contrast was broad between the EU states (McCormick, 2014). Mythen wrote in 2005 a book called ‘A Critical Introduction to the Risk Society’ where he discusses Beck’s risk society thesis. Mythen states that Beck is too focused on the negative aspects of risk and does not explain the positive sides with it. For example how it has made human beings more confident to create positive lifestyle changes. It can be a socially progressive process where the society develops. This can be seen in the technological, medical and economic advancements. Mythen argues about the impression the reader is left with after reading the thesis, an impression he say is of a society that wants to remove all sort of danger to develop. He states that the thesis can not be compared with the westernShow MoreRelatedThe Culture of Narcissism.Critical Book Review Essay2284 Words   |  10 PagesCritical book review: Christopher Lasch (1991) The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Expectations The culture of narcissism was widely recognised as a socio-cultural critique of American society when published in 1979. Written by Christopher Lasch, the book analyzes a social phenomenon identified by Christopher Lasch as ‘cultural narcissism’, a process by which certain attributes of the pathological branch of narcissism (Bocock, 2002) become societal characteristics (LaschRead MoreHow Food Security And Hunger Are Huge Issues3133 Words   |  13 Pagesundergraduates include Facebook (94%), YouTube (81%), Twitter (69%), and Downloadable Mobile Apps (51%). Mobile apps are a favorite of top MBA programs, with 82% citing them as an effective recruiting tool.† COUNTER-ARGUMENT The counter-argument to my thesis would be the other 60% of the world’s population who are not connected or has no access to the Internet. Without access to the Internet, social media will not be effective in reaching out to these audiences. Therefore, I have conducted a researchRead MoreHas the Nature of Terrorism Changed over the Last Thirty Years?2896 Words   |  12 Pagescommunication technology, terrorism has become an international threat and is now a serious global risk. Beck (2002: 9) states that the ‘risk of terrorism exponentially multiply with technological advancement. With the technologies of the future-genetic engineering, nanotechnology and robotics, we are opening a new Pandoras box’. This suggests that as more sophisticated technology is introduced new terror risks proliferate at an exceedingly fast pace. For Cronin (2002), international terrorism is not onlyRead MoreMaster Thesis Topic18078 Words   |  73 PagesMaster Thesis Topics Finance amp; Investments 2009-2010 Table of Contents Master Thesis topic 1: The Design of Lockup Contracts in IPO Firms in Europe 4 Master Thesis topic 2: Bank Risk Management 6 Master Thesis topic 3: The Ambiguous Role of Credit Ratings 8 Master Thesis topic 4: Mergers and Acquisitions 9 Master Thesis topic 5: Trading Volume and Asset Prices 10 Master Thesis topic 6: Liquidity in Asset Markets 11 Master Thesis topic 7: The Role of Corporate Governance in Mergers andRead MoreThe Factors That Enable Or Frustrate Family Firms From Being Innovative5917 Words   |  24 Pagesthe managerial skills of family firms, we propose to look at family firms by understanding what can enable or frustrate them from innovating, as innovation is a crucial factor for survival in business today. Research has indicated through various thesis and reports that innovation is a continuous process, it will be interesting to look at factors that show why most innovative ideas do not become products which succeed, especially if they have been launched by family firms. Roger (2003) in hisRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pagesof crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicity, gender, locality and social class, including recent patterns and trends in crime. Globalisation and crime in contemporary society; the mass media and crime; green crime; human rights and state crimes. Crime control, prevention and punishment, victims, and the role of the criminal justice system and other agencies. The sociological study of suicide and its theoreticalRead MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagesconsequences of cultural integration, since the long-term results are leaving a legacy positively and negatively. As we move towards the third millennium, a rational planning scheme and utilization of cultures should remain the major pre-occupation of the society. IV. HYPOTHESES In order to carry out the study and achieve the stated objectives, a number of hypotheses were advanced to address the problem; i) Globalization and cultural integration form an interrelated spiral. There is, the moreRead MoreHalimbawa Ng Term Paper6581 Words   |  27 PagesDON SERVILLANO PLATON MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL Sta. Cruz Tinambac Camarines Sur S/Y 2012-2013 The Effect of Bullying In The School to Students of Don Servillano Platon Memorial High School Janice Tamayo Inocencio (Researcher) Mrs. Adelaida Espejo (English Professor) Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the special people who have extended their assistance for theRead MoreFactors Affecting Project Implementation Amongst Non Governmental Organizations in Kenya9004 Words   |  37 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AMONGST NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA BY Ms. Cornel Ragen A THESIS PROPOSAL April 2013 ABSTRACT This study seeks to address the factors affecting project implementation in an organization with a focus on a non-governmental organisation. The process of project implementation, involving the successful development and introduction of projects in the organization, presents an ongoing challengeRead MoreFactors Affecting Project Implementation Amongst Non Governmental Organizations in Kenya8996 Words   |  36 PagesFACTORS AFFECTING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AMONGST NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA BY Ms. Cornel Ragen A THESIS PROPOSAL April 2013 ABSTRACT This study seeks to address the factors affecting project implementation in an organization with a focus on a non-governmental organisation. The process of project implementation, involving the successful development and introduction of projects in the organization, presents an ongoing challenge for managers. The study notes

Exploring the Positive Punishment Effect Among...

In a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of incarceration of individuals in preventing crime and especially preventing those particular individuals from repeating crime, Peter Wood concluded that several different mechanisms may in fact contribute to recidivism. Wood acknowledges the work of others in the field that have noted that statistically the experience of being incarcerated increased the likelihood that an individual will commit future criminal behavior. He continues to note the hypotheses of other researchers that such counter-intuitive statistics could be explained by a theory of defiance whereby after an individual receives punishment that they feel is unjust or unfair they begin to develop a sense of defiance against†¦show more content†¦The data showed that past punishment experiences had significant positive relationships with the perceived likelihood of re-offending whereas the two measures of current punishment had significant negative relationships wi th the perceived likelihood of re-offending. Wood hypothesized that the immediacy of being punished in the present may reduce the respondents self-stated likelihood to commit additional crimes but that when the punishment has been served they return to increased recidivism. He also noted that understanding the level of the individuals exposure to agencies of control throughout their life was essential to understanding the presumed positive effect and conversely and presumed deterrent effect. Others have noted that something of the experience of delinquent activity itself is rewarding in a non-economical manner thus the activities themselves are not economic in nature. Wood added to this noting that subsequently this seems very consistent with the social learning theory since something within the act itself is the motivating factor for the individual who will then go on to continue their involvement in similar future acts. This nonsocial reinforcement, Wood adds, could be for someSho w MoreRelatedThe Center For Children of Incarcerated Parents Essay2452 Words   |  10 PagesThe social welfare program identified for the purpose of this paper is the Center for Children of Incarcerated parents. The social problem for which it was designed to address is that of the effects of parental incarceration on children and families of the incarcerated. Its’ target population, children and families of the incarcerated. This paper will explore how services are provided and its source of funding. Additionally, it will seek to provide an understanding of theRead MoreThe Saints And The Roughnecks By William Chambliss1512 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the implications of labeling specifically in the articles â€Å"The Saints and the Roughnecks† by William Chambliss and â€Å"On Being Sane In Insane Places† by David Rosenhan. Additionally, I will be discussing the far-reaching effects of negative labeling an individual, with respect to concepts such as labeling theory, the self-fulfilling prophecy, and master status. In â€Å"The Saints and the Roughnecks,† Chambliss describes two gangs at Hannibal High school, the Saints, eight promising young menRead MoreThe Punitive And Rehabilitative Approach As An Indispensable Part Of The Criminal Justice Reform Issue3487 Words   |  14 PagesOverview Offender incarceration is an indispensable part of the criminal justice reform issue. This paper contrasts the punitive and rehabilitative approach as two central areas of offender incarceration. The contemporary society presents individuals with divergent viewpoints on methods of dealing with offenders. A section of the public believes that offender incarceration is not an effective method of dealing with offenders. Most offenders from prison end up engaging in criminal activities and findRead MoreEarly Intervention Reducing Recidivism Among Children and Adolescent Offenders1991 Words   |  8 PagesEarly Intervention reducing recidivism among children and adolescent offenders Student number: s2875363 Student name: Kate O’Reilly Course name: CCJ10 Introduction to Forensic PsychologyRead MoreThe History of Boot Camps2332 Words   |  10 Pageslaw using the same tactics successfully employed by the military to turn civilians into soldiers. This reliance on a military atmosphere still provokes controversy over boot camp programs, with proponents arguing that the rigid discipline promotes positive behavior. (Clear, 1997; Cowels, 1995) BEGINNINGS Since their beginning in 1983 in Georgia, boot camps have spread to half the States and have gained wide popular appeal for their get tough policies. Proponents of boot camps cite their potentialRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Valjean s Les Miserables 7860 Words   |  32 Pagesgreat deal of time spent exploring the decision that changed his life (Hugo, 2015). Each year, thousands of adults all in the United States go to prison for crimes that may both minor and atrocious. Almost as many incarcerated adults will leave their prison walls to be once again reunited with families and communities that they left behind. While there are some stories of successful reintegration into families and communities, many others fail and end up being re-incarcerated, a process known as recidivismRead MoreShould Mental Illness Be Taken Into Account in Determining Punishment?3184 Words   |  13 Pagesbehavior is not responsive to their choices in such a manner as to reflect those who do possess free will. When examining this viewpoint in further detail as it relates to mental illness playing an integral role in punishment, it is important to consider whether or not an individual can truly possess free will while at the same time having ones choices and behaviors determined by a greater force, as well. When one attempts to distinguish the principle essence of such theorists as David Hume, itRead MoreDoes the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals - Rational Choice, Self-Control and Crime.Pdf14337 Words   |  58 PagesJournal of Research in Crime and Delinquency http://jrc.sagepub.com/ Does the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals? Rational Choice, Self-Control, and Crime Bradley R. E. Wright, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt and Ray Paternoster Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2004 41: 180 DOI: 10.1177/0022427803260263 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/41/2/180 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalfRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 PagesDomestic violence: Moving On A Qualitative Investigation Exploring How women Move On From Violent Relationships Researcher: Carole Le Darcy Supervisor: Dr Sue Becker Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest thanks and gratitude to all of the exceptionally strong women that participated in this research that have freely given not only some of their precious and valuable time but have also revealed that which is sadly all too often concealed; the remarkable, courageous and oftenRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesBuilding Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name

Al Capone Revision Free Essays

Al Capone: Revision 0730 HIST 2020-010 4-23-07 Many gangsters have made it in the history books the past 100 years: Billy the Kid, and John Gotti just to name a few. But none matched the notoriety that Al Capone had. Al Capone, short for Alphonsus Capone his birth name, was born on January 17, 1899 in Brooklyn, New York. We will write a custom essay sample on Al Capone Revision or any similar topic only for you Order Now # Capone grew up with a troubled childhood. After dropping at of school in the sixth grade, Capone got in several gangs of ruffians around town, but nothing too serious. Capone got sick of it and then became a member of the Five Points gang, led by Frankie Yale. After his stint with Yale’s gang, he was sent to Johnny Torrio‘s gang, called the James Street Gang. From 1925 to 1931, Capone and his gangs ruled the streets of Chicago with their vicious gangster ways. # Growing up in the early 1900‘s, you could say Capone had a rough time with it. Torrio soon noticed the talent this young ruffian had and convinced him to with to Chicago to work with his uncle who was one of the cities main concerns with his prostitutes and gambling rings. Al Capone was soon to be Chicago’s, better yet America’s, most notorious gangster and greatest symbol of illegal activities which prevented the city’s growth because it was known as the lawless city. Capone’s soon to be mega-network came through Torrio’s business. They were the pioneers in the selling of illegal alcohol. Capone had power and wealth because he sold illegal alcohol, moonshine, throughout Chicago. After Torrio was shot and badly wounded by a rival gang, this left the rising star, Capone, to take over the thriving business that they had started. Now, Capone was on top the of world at the tender age of only 26. Although vicious, Capone did have somewhat of a good heart when he helped homeless people in Chicago with the first soup kitchen in 1929 after the stock market crash. # Although Capone did help starving people in Chicago, he was a nuisance that needed to be stopped. This, to an extent, as was why the FBI and many other law enforcement agencies were formed. Several law enforcement agencies were built around the area because of crime, and we benefit from it today because if it weren’t for a big time mobster like Capone, we might not have had the law enforcement agencies that we have today. Capone‘s image was seen not only through the eyes of Americans but through the eyes of the world and. People all over the globe thought he was just another thug gangster involved in organized crime. Capone had never done any major time for the crimes he did. Capone walked on water in Chicago, he was so powerful. That’s probably why he decided to open the soup kitchens to get people to like him more. Although this was a good act of respect from Capone, the respect sure enough came tumbling down after his St. Valentines Day Massacre. On Feb. 14, 1929, the St. Valentines Day Massacre made a major impact on the U. S. because it was the most vicious violence they had ever witnessed. # Capone had an alibi for the murder, which he always did. The St. Valentines Day Massacre started when Capon’s gang tricked the Moran gang into thinking it was a police raid when really it was Capone’s gang dressed like police. # As the men were staring at the wall scared of being arrested, the gang broke out with a lead shower of bullets into the backs of the seven members. Obviously, Capone had set this up to take down the rival gangs to strengthen his regime. Although Capone took out an essential part of the gang, Bugs, the leader escaped after seeing the police uniforms, thinking he was getting busted. After the Massacre, Capone and his wife Mary and their children moved to Florida because of the endangerment that Capone had put on them for not killing Bugs. After the Massacre, Capone soon came known as the gangster of the 20’s. After the events of the St. Valentines Day massacre, Capone’s gang received more publicity than any other gang had received before this time. After getting out publicly in Chicago, it was soon on a national spotlight. Capone was now a target of writers all across America. In 1929 While Capone was called before a grand jury in Chicago, little did he know about the powerful people that were teaming up to try to take down this criminal. Capone thought that is was about all of the murders he had committed and so forth. Capone left a mark from this massacre that will be remembered by the United States forever and will sketch his name in as one the most ruthless gangster’s of all time. Capone’s impact of the nation at this time was monumental and glamorized by certain people in his society. Capone’s actions and organizations were getting out of control and soon had to be reckoned with. His way affected people in the Chicago area because of his bad gangster activity as well with his soup kitchens which was one of the slim positive influences he had. In 1930, Capone’s empire slowly but surely flourished after many people working long and hard found a flaw with him, tax evasion. Al Capone was tried on October 17, 1931, when he was finally imprisoned for five of 22 counts of tax evasion from 1925-1929. # Everyone thought that you didn’t pay taxes if you earned the money illegally until Capone made an example for everybody. In May, 1932, Capone was sent to Atlanta to serve his 11-year sentence. As well as those charges, he also didn’t file tax returns for 1928 and 1929. Capone had to pay $50,000 in fines for the counts of tax evasion, a misdemeanor for not filing tax returns, as well as violating prohibition laws. He also had $7,692 in court cost. # Capone had no other choice but to throw in the flag. His life as a gangster was over. In May 1932, Capone started his 11-year sentence in Atlanta which was one of the roughest prisons in America at the time. While in prison, Capone managed to smuggle in a couple thousand dollars and paid the guards off while furnishing his cell with a mirrors, typewriter, rugs, and a set of the Encyclopedia Britannica. # Capone was still in control because of the street credit that he obviously still had. Capone was soon taken to Alcatraz where he would be monitored frequently. Alcatraz wasn’t any walk in the park. It was highly monitored where Capone was nothing else but another inmate. Capone was helpless now. Although helpless, Capone did cash in on good behavior and was granted some time off his sentence for good behavior. Capone, again, gave up on the rebellious life and started acting the way the he was meant to from the start. Capone got along so well with everyone that he actually had time cut off for bad behavior. Although Capone was calm himself, he did get into several fights with other inmates but none proved to be instigated by him. While working down in the prison basement, Capone got stabbed by another inmate while standing in line to get a haircut. He was sent to the penitentiary hospital were he stayed for several days soon to be released with a minor wound. Capone was finally released from Alcatraz on January 6, 1939. He then headed to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California where he stayed until November 16 of that year to serve his one-year misdemeanor charge. # Capone returned to his mansion in Palm Island, Florida, after his release. The big, bad mobster from the 20’s and 30’s was slowly deteriorating. His overall body strength, weight, and mindset were all dropping at a rapid pace. Capone had gotten syphilis when he was younger and never did anything about it which led to dementia. On January 21, 1947, Capone had a apoplectic stroke and was out for several days. Finally regaining consciousness, Capone the suffered from pneumonia three days later and went into a cardiac arrest which was probably all linked to his syphilis. Capone was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery in Chicago between his parents but then was moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois. # Capone was the pioneer of crime in America. We have our Jesse James and such but this wa s a different criminal. He was smart. Smart enough to get away from murder trials but unlucky enough and rich enough to become a victim of his own success. â€Å"Scarface† will always be remembered as the greatest mobster in the history of America. Bibliography â€Å"Al Capone. † Chicago Historical Society. http://www. chicagohs. org/history/capone. html [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Al â€Å"Scarface† Capone. † Alcatraz History. http://www. alcatrazhistory. com/cap1. htm [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Al Capone. † Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Al_Capone [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Al Capone. Made in America. † Crime Library. http://www. crimelibrary. com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/index_1. htm [assessed April 14, 2007]. â€Å"Famous Cases. † FBI History. http://www. fbi. gov/libref/historic/famcases/capone/capone. htm [assessed April 14, 2007]. How to cite Al Capone Revision, Papers

Costco Case Analysis On Leadership @Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeadership in Businessfor Costco Case Analysis on Leadership. Answer: The SuccessofCostcoin Termsofthe Followingthree Determinants Employee Commitment Costco is an organization that has the most motivated employees working with them. The commitment of the employees can take different types of forms. These forms are either related to the HR of the company or the employees. Costco believes that the investment done in the employees play a vital role in every organization. The employment policies of Costco are very effective and good for the employees. They believe that if the employees and workers get good wages, salary, benefits, etc. then they work with full capability. The main motive of Costco is to connect the employees with the goals and objectives of the organization. It is observed that if the employees remain in touch with the objectives then they work hard to achieve them. It also reflects the commitment of the employees towards the organization as they are motivated to work more and achieve more. In return, Costco, provide them extra benefits, rewards, incentives that keep the morale of the employees on the top (Avolio, Ya mmarino, 2013). The employees and worker of the Costco are very much connected to the store. They work in Costco as their own organization. It is a type of psychological connection that bounds the employees to work with the organization. This result in trust and loyalty for the organization and the rate of retention remain very less If an employee is emotionally connected to his or her job then they do not feel neglected and unsatisfied. The chance of turnover decreases if the employees are personally attached to their job. Costco always try to make their employees and worker comfortable in the organization. To achieve this objective, they conduct certain activities in their organization so that the employees feel the same. In this way, the effective policies of employment, results in the success of Costco. The behavior of Costco employees is very stable and committed to the work. The performance of the employees is also effective. Costco uses the commitment of the employees towards the goals and objectives of Costco. Therefore, they work for their own as well as for the sake of the organizations. There are many types of commitment takes place in Costco like normative, affective, continuance, etc. such commitments depend on the nature and behavior of the employees and their commitment towards their work. Decision Making The decision making at Costco is takes place by using different types of model depending upon the situation. They use rational models, increment list model, Carnegie model, and garbage model, structured and unstructured models. Depending upon the needs, situations and issues, the decision making process takes place in Costco. It is noticed that Costco do not pay much attention to the stores and the regions. Hence the process of decision making is also done by the employers over there. The top management makes only the meticulous decisions that affect the market share of the company and the market conditions of the same. In order to deduct the risk of any harm on the business in the long term, there is a requirement of long term decision making (Dent, Higgins, Wharff, 2005). In order to achieve an effective planning and decision making in the organization, they have planned to make quick and meticulous decisions so that the management style and practices can be changed as per the requirement in the company. In this way, Costco manage the employees and workers of their organization. Costco also believe that the probability of employee commitment also relates to the connection of an employee towards his or her job. Such types of decisions require more time and attention of the top level of management (Gardner, et.al. (2011). The top level of authority is responsible to structure the company and its core values in an effective manner. The company believes that the process of decision making should be very prominent that it would not harm the future of the company. The decision must be made in an appropriate time and strategic frame so that the risk can be covered and the company can enjoy the competitive advantage from the competitors. The aim of the company is to focus the need and wants of the customers. In order to achieve this goal, the decisions of the company are takes place in accordance of the same. Strategic Management Costco is the second largest retailer of the world due to its strategic management. Here we discuss the major strategic decision taken by the company. It has many types of team like operation steams, critical team, Hr team, etc. they have developed certain standards according to which the management takes place (Hitzhesen, 2016). The Costco operation successfully applied ten types of strategic decisions that are- The design of goods and services of Costco is very unique. Though, they have different segments of their store but they manage all the work though effective management. They try to lower the cost and increase the quality. The management of the quality of goods and services provided by the Costco is also very relevant. The aim of this company is to provide the best quality for their customers. This can be achieved through strategic planning of all the decisions in an organization. The management can takes place through the policies made by the Hr and the operation team of the Costco (Neustadt, 1980). To maximize the capacity of employees, Costco emphasizes of the speed and efficiency of the labor and workers. The main objective is to optimize the effectiveness of cost and the quality of products. The nest major management is of location. Costco tries to cover all the segment of the markets by providing all types of products irrespective of age, caste, etc. it can be achieved through effective decision making for the storage and warehouse of the company (Van, 2010). The management of the employees in Costco is also very strong as the main motive of this company is to make the employees committed to the work not engaged in the work. The major difference is that the engaged employees only work for their own sake but the committed employees turns the work of the organization in their own wok (Geier, 2013). The other decisions related to the strategic management are related to the design of layout and strategies in the organization. They have a well-tested job designs and structure so that no chaos can be created in the employee management. The HR teams are very effective and efficient in terms of employees management. The supply chain management and inventory management of this company is the most effective in nature (Vitez, 2016). Costco Can Provide Higher Compensationand Benefitstoits Employeesand Stillbe Competitive with the Competitors. It has been assumed that now days the trend to increase the profits by cutting the salary and wages of the employees. Despite of this, companies are paying high wages and incentive to the employees and workers of their company so that the performance of them can be increased. It also provides other benefits to not only the company but also the workers working with them. it results in high motivation, increase in the capacity, high level of performance, retention, high skilled labor , etc. this strategy impact the working of the employees on a large extent. According to the Costco new strategies and employment policies, the employees must be offered better than an average wages. It will help to retain the employees by giving them chance of growth and career opportunities in the organization (Stippler, 2011). The business model of Costco is one of the best-cost effective. The approaches used by Costco are low priced supplier approach and the mix that approach so that revenue can be created. They provide wonderful client services, core of conduct, values, treat the staff like the family, concern about the suppliers, satisfy the stakeholders and shareholders, robust the intelligence, etc. they enforce the time and cost saving methods in the operation, production and selling so that they can give discounts to the customers. The main focus of Costco is to increase the sales volume and turnover of the inventory by providing high salary to the employees (Van, Hogg, 2004). There is few strategy of Costco that helps it in effective management- The ultra low cost strategies and policies Effective and efficient employment policies Revenue Generation Programs Costco employment policies depicts that it provides more than average salary and wages to its employees to retain them in the organization. They also provide many types of incentives, benefits, opportunities to grow and development within an organization so that the rate of turnover can be deduct. It helps to maintain good relations with the employees and keep them loyal for the company. It was observed by the researchers that Costco does not send a singe penny in the process of recruitment and selection as they get employees without conducting any drive in their organization. It is one of the employers by choice. The process of theft and misbehave in Costco is also very low that is 0.02%. The managers of Costco believe that this is due to the good wages and incentives policies provided by the Costco to their employees (Cascio, 2006). Costco find that the turnover in the organization is termed as an expensive waste as the company invests a huge amount in the training of new employees and teaching them in the first month of their jobs. The employees can be retented in the organization by merging the warehouse policies to the strong salary progressions for the workforce. Hey provide advancement opportunities to the employees that retented them in the organization for a longer period of time. The salary of a cashier is Costco is $43000 that is more than a twice than the salary of a store cashier. In this way, by providing good salary to the employees, they are enjoying the comparative advantage (Ross, 2016). The leaders of the Costco believe that advancement opportunities for the entry level workers so the success of the company can be accelerated. The growth and development of the company is related to the employment policies in Costco so the senior manager stated that workers must be prepared for the positions of the managers and management positions so that the success can be guaranteed. They have better understanding for the business. The managers have made policies related to the warehouse, functions of store, improvement in the operations, and to provide best support to the staff of the company. The policy of Costco for the recruitment of new employees is very different. They believe that the existing employees have the caliber to be posted within the organization as they are aware about the working of the organization (Lutz, (2014). The workers of the Costco receive a good salary and benefits as compared to the competitors like Wal-Mart. The employees of Costco earned $20.89 per hour that is double the $11.83 for an employee of Wal-Mart. The sales figure of the company is also double as comparison with the competitors. It provides Costco an advantage from the competitors. They do believe that workers must be well paid because of the fact that they have only expertise and skilled labor in their organization. They also want lower in the turnovers and better employees in their organization. They try to keep the satisfaction of the employees on the top by providing them higher wager as compared to the market wages. An economic decisions can be managed though such policies (Hoek, 2013). A Leadership Theoryto Analyzethe BehavioroftheCEO Leadership plays an important role in the organizations whether they are small or big in nature. There are basically two concepts of business that are one is management and the other one is leadership. Leadership is something that helps the organizations to establish a clear vision, establish good relations, accomplishment of goals, resolution of conflicts, and much more (Heymann, Barrera, 2016). Jim Sinegal was an effective chief officer and leader of Costco Wholesale Corporation. He learned many thing from SOL that he applied in the organization like the membership warehouse thought. In the year 1983, he developed one o a strategic mission and believes that is too frequently offer our members with the quality products and service at rock bottom costs possible. He had an awesome talent to manage the structure of the organization at the highest level through his contingency theory of leadership. He was able to manage the worst stations in the healthiest way. The type of leadership adopted by Jim Sinegal was customer focused leadership. His InfluenceontheCompany Jim Sinegal had a great and significant influence on Costcos. He had created a culture in which there is no division between the staff and the leaders of the company. Jim Sinegal was an effective chief officer and leader of Costco Wholesale Corporation. Every member of an organization is on the same page when it related to the Costcos customers and their satisfaction. Each and every employee knows that the major role of them is to create the right environment for the employees and employers. They pay fair and right wages to their employees that reflect that Costco knows the importance and value of their employees. Jim Sinegal was an authentic leader who always supports authenticity in the organizations. Authentic leaders are the leaders who are real and focus on the authenticity in the leadership. It had created a huge impact on the Costcos image in the market. They provide wonderful client services, core of conduct, values, treat the staff like the family, concern about the suppliers, satisfy the stakeholders and shareholders, robust the intelligence, etc. they enforce the time and cost saving methods in the operation, production and selling so that they can give discounts to the customers. The customers and other stake holders were very impressed and attracted towards the authenticity of the store. The goods and products that were available are good in quality, quantity and variety. In this way, Costco were become one of the famous warehouse and store of the world (Pallarito, 2012). Mr. Sinegal was an authentic leader as he understood his role in the Costco is as similar as the other employees in the organization. He never put any employee below him. In his views each member of the company has an equal and relevant value in the organization. In this way, the employees of the Costco remained motivated and satisfied with the leadership style followed by him. He tried to maintain good relations with the employees by helping, guiding, teaching, coaching, and motivating them up to a great extent. He understood the need s and wants of customers and guides the entire employees to work according to the customers need. He established strong and honest relationship in the organization that will last forever (Courtemanche Carden, 2011). In his views, if the leader is able to create loyal workforce then it would be the best thing for each and every organization. He knows that his organization is paying more wages and salary to their employees but he was not at all upset by this point. They pay fair and right wages to their employees that reflect that Costco knows the importance and value of their employees. Jim Sinegal was an authentic leader who always supports authenticity in the organizations. As he knows that the employees deserved to be paid more than other organizations. He also knows that loyalty always paid off. He noticed that the turnover of the organization was very less, the satisfaction level of the employees was very high and the customers were also happy with the management of Costco (Cascio, 2006). It was believed by Jim Sinegal that the companys name was called by on a first-name basis with everyone. Evident related to the above statement are- They adapt the law, rules and regulations so that the work can be done within a legal framework. He members of the company have a trust that can be reflected by the performance done by them. For the growth and development of the staff, it is relevant to give challenges and opportunities in which they analyze the type of caliber ad potential in them. Challenges also help in the growth of the organization. The leadership style of Jim Sinegal was not only effective for the internal organization but also for the eternal members linked to it. like the business partners, stakeholders, suppliers, customers, etc. He believed in win-win situations. They reward the shareholders and distribute the dividends on time. According to him, if a company wants to achieve competitive advantage then the first requirement is to make the internal management happy. The internal management of the company reflects the employees and employers of the company. To make them happy, Costco and Jim Sinegal made a strategy related to the higher (Townsend, 2011). References Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (2013). Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Cascio, W. F. (2006). Decency means more than always low prices: A comparison of Costco to Wal-Mart's Sam's club. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(3), 26-37. Courtemanche, C. Carden, A. (2011). Competing with Costco and Sam's Club. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Dent, E. B., Higgins, M. E., Wharff, D. M. (2005). Spirituality and leadership: An empirical review of definitions, distinctions, and embedded assumptions. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 625-653. Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., et.al. (2011). authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1120-1145. Geier, K., (2013). The secret of Costcos success reveled!, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://washingtonmonthly.com/2013/06/09/the-secret-of-costcos-success-revealed-hint-no-mbas-need-apply/#. Heymann, J., Barrera, M., c (2016). how businesses can profit from raising compensation at the bottom, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/how-businesses-can-profit-from-raising-compensation-at-the-bottom/ Hitzhesen, J., (2016). Costco case analysis @ recommendations- Capstone, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://portfolium.com/entry/business-strategy-integration-capstone Hoek, J., (2013). What is employee commitment?, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://www.effectory.com/thought-leadership/knowledge-center/what-is-employee-commitment/ Kissinger, D., (2015). Costcos operations management, 10 decisions, productivity, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: panmore.com/costco-wholesale-operations-management-10-decisions-areas-productivity Lutz, A., (2014). Costcos simple strategy for outperforming Wal-Mart and target, [Online], and Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Costcos-Simple-Strategy-For-Outperforming-Wal-Mart-And-Target/articleshow/43915666.cms Neustadt, R. E. (1980). Presidential power: The politics of leadership from FDR to Carter (pp. 94-95). New York: Wiley. Pallarito, K. (2012). News: Competing with Costco: Is it Time to Unbundle Prices? The Hearing Journal, 65(4), 24-26. Stippler, M. (2011). Leadership. [Gutersloh, Germany]: Verlag Bertelsmann Sifting. Ross, S., (2016) Warren Buffets moat: How sustainable is Costcos competitive advantage? (Cost), [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/insights/050716/warren-buffetts-moat-how-sustainable-costcos-competitive-advantage-cost.asp Townsend, T. (2011). School leadership in the twenty-first century: different approaches to common problems?. School Leadership Management, 31(2), 93-103. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2011.572419 Vitez, O., (2016). The impact of leadership on organizational performance, [Online], Accessed on: 7 November 2016, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/impact-leadership-organizational-performance-2970.html Van, D., Hogg, M. A. (2004). Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations. Sage. Van, M. (2010). Two Approaches to Leadership Studies. Public Administration Review, 70(4), 650-653. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02191.x